Manisa, Turkey – Archaeologists have uncovered a 2,200-year-old sun dial in the ancient city of Aigai, located in the Yunusemre district of western Turkey. The rare discovery, remarkably preserved in a single piece, was unearthed during excavations inside the ancient Bouleuterion (assembly hall).
With its intricate craftsmanship and symbolic design, the sun dial immediately drew attention. Resting on a Doric-style column capital and elevated above the ground, the artifact was uniquely carved in the form of a ship’s prow, complete with “eye” motifs on both sides—symbols believed to ward off evil and misfortune.
The object has since been transferred to the newly opened Manisa Museum, where it is now on display for the public.
A Rare Example of Ancient Science and Art
According to Prof. Dr. Yusuf Sezgin, head of the Aigai excavations and Chair of the Archaeology Department at Manisa Celal Bayar University, this discovery represents one of the most detailed sun dials ever found from antiquity.
“The sun dial unearthed in Aigai’s council building is extremely special. It not only reflects the scientific knowledge of its time but also demonstrates exceptional artistry. The prow-shaped design highlights Aigai’s cultural admiration for seafaring, despite being an inland city,” Prof. Sezgin explained.
The device operated with bronze rods (gnomons) that cast shadows according to the angle of the sun. These shadows allowed the inhabitants to measure the hours of the day. A central line engraved on the dial further enabled the tracking of astronomical events, such as solstices and seasonal shifts, making it both functional and symbolic.
Connection to Delos and the Ancient World
Archaeologists note that while a few similar examples exist across the ancient world, the closest parallel is found on the Greek island of Delos. However, experts stress that the level of detail in the Aigai artifact surpasses most known counterparts, making it a singular find in Anatolia.
Prof. Sezgin emphasized:
“Apart from the Delos example, we have not come across another sun dial carved with this degree of detail. It is both an artistic masterpiece and a scientific instrument.”
Historical and Cultural Significance
Founded around 700 BC, Aigai Ancient City was one of the 12 Aiolian cities of western Anatolia. Known for its well-preserved agora, theater, and monumental city walls, Aigai has been continuously excavated since 2004. Over the years, discoveries from Aigai have shed light on Hellenistic urban planning, Roman engineering, and local governance.
The newly unearthed sun dial not only contributes to our understanding of timekeeping in antiquity but also illustrates how Greek and Roman societies blended science, art, and symbolism in their public spaces.
Looking Ahead
Excavations at Aigai are ongoing, with archaeologists expecting further finds that will expand knowledge of daily life, architecture, and culture in Anatolia during the Hellenistic and Roman periods. The sun dial’s placement in the Manisa Museum is expected to attract both local and international visitors, strengthening the region’s role as a center for cultural tourism.
With its unique design, the Aigai sun dial stands as a bridge between ancient maritime symbolism and scientific innovation, offering modern audiences a glimpse into the sophisticated world of the past.